![]() Prolonged standing often leads to a physiologic venous insufficiency which is generally characterized by leg symptoms without an obvious venous cause. Diffuse leg discomfort or pain with sensations of heavy, weighty, and swollen legs are the core symptoms of venous diseases, with a reported prevalence of 50% in the general population, regardless of the presence of obvious venous pathology. Blood pooling is one of the most often reported underlying mechanisms for lower extremity symptoms other proposed causes include increased intravascular hydrostatic venous pressure, venous stasis due to lack of muscle pump action, and increases in blood flow, skin temperature, and leg volume. An earlier literature review revealed convincing evidence of the detrimental association between prolonged standing and development of musculoskeletal symptoms in the lower back and lower extremities. Typical negative consequences following prolonged standing include low back pain, knee, ankle, and foot pain, and lower leg fatigue or swelling. Previous studies on industrial workers suggested that >1 hour of continuous standing or >4 hours of standing per day is considered unsafe, and may induce various musculoskeletal symptoms. Prolonged stationary standing is prevalent in occupations such as retail, food service, manufacturing, and within healthcare professions. IPC is effective for reducing leg pain and circumferences more than natural rest in healthy adults with prolonged standing work, without causing adverse events. Leg volume was reduced significantly at T2 and T3 as compared with T1 in all 3 interventions, but effects did not differ among 3 intervention groups. Sequential and circular IPC led to significantly greater improvement in pain and leg circumferences than just natural rest, but there was no difference in its effect according to the 2 modes of IPC. Pain and leg circumferences were significantly improved at T2 and T3 compared with those at T1. Outcomes were measured before work and immediately after work (T1), after 30 minutes of intervention (T2), and 30 minutes of rest after intervention (T3). ![]() Three different interventions included natural rest, sequential mode of IPC, and circular mode of IPC. The primary outcome was pain (measured using a visual analogue scale) and secondary outcomes were leg circumference and volume. This was single center, cross-over study to investigate the effect of IPC for 20 healthy volunteers who usually stand on duty and complain of leg pain and swelling. However, IPC has not been evaluated for its effect in relieving venous symptoms of healthy people. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a widely used simple therapy for preventing deep vein thrombosis and for treating lymphedema and chronic venous insufficiency. Even healthy individuals often encounter leg venous symptoms such as heaviness, pain, and swelling especially after prolonged standing work. ![]()
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